frank wisner death

Another historical falsehood is that becoming a leader at CIA hinges on membership in Skull and Bones, the secret society at Yale. (A separate Office of Special Operations conducted secret actions aimed solely at gathering intelligence.) After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. She moved to Lodi in 1934. Soon afterwards it was renamed the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). [4], In 1941, six months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the United States Navy. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. The results were horrifying2500 Hungarians were killed, 200,000 were forced to flee their country, and tens of thousands were arrested and imprisoned. He was prescribed psychoanalysis and shock therapy (electroconvulsive treatment). Under this innocuous title, the United States was now fully in the business of covert political operations. ", Wisner, who had been involved in creating this propaganda, told friends that he felt the American government had let Hungary down. After the war, he headed the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), one of the OSS successor organizations, from 1948 to 1950. He became Assistant Director of the Office of Policy Coordination. I suspect that had we known more (it would have just made us more appreciative.) Nagy also released anti-communists from prison and talked about holding free elections and withdrawing Hungary from the Warsaw Pact. However, he got bored and enlisted in the United States Navy six months before Pearl Harbor. This became the espionage and counter-intelligence branch of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) was funded by siphoning of funds intended for the Marshall Plan. It was the nearest thing to an expletive I ever heard Dulles use. Media in category "Frank Wisner" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. It did not take him long to discover that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Wisner moved to Washington where he associated with a group of journalists, politicians and government officials that became known as the Georgetown Set. Wisner and 21 OSS agents landed in Romania,[5] where he became head of OSS Bucharest. However, there is evidence that he was recruited several years earlier and had been spying on the liberal organizations he had been a member of in the later 1940s. This included James Truitt, Russell Wiggins, Phil Geyelin, John Hayes and Alan Barth. With the help of George Kennan, the Office of Special Projects was created in 1948. While in Bucharest he became friendly with King Michael of Romania. ", Wisner, who had been involved in creating this propaganda, told friends that he felt the American government had let Hungary down. Arbenz now believed he stood little chance of preventing Castillo gaining power. The questions from the unknown man next to me were very insistent, furtive. That beginning took place for him in Romania, simultaneously dealing with the results of the German war and with the coming reality of Soviet power. (The CIA posted guards to keep the KGB from seeing who was there.). Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The CIA also provided them with classified information to help them with their work. However, there is evidence that he was recruited several years earlier and had been spying on the liberal organizations he had been a member of in the later 1940s. Also involved was Richard Bissell, head of the Directorate for Plans, an organization instructed to conduct covert anti-Communist operations around the world. As Thomas Polgar later pointed out: "Sure, we never said rise up and revolt, but there was a lot of propaganda that led the Hungarians to believe that we would help. It was not successful and still suffering from depression, he was released from hospital in 1958. He pointed out that they had spent a great deal of money on Radio Free Europe "to get these people to revolt". The whole arrangement of American power in the world from the nineteenth century was based on commercial concerns and methods of operation his had given America a material empire through the ownership of foreign transport systems, oil fields, estancias, stocks, and shares. They also produced three films on Guatemala for showing free in cinemas. Others like Stewart Alsop, Joseph Alsop and James Reston, were recruited from within the Georgetown Set. He was Richard Nixon, the Vice President. I was vaguely uncomfortable. Wisner was appointed director of the organization. Wisner's friends believed the illness was triggered by the failure of the Hungarian Uprising. Wisner was transferred to the OSS station in Wiesbaden. President Dwight Eisenhower responded by claiming that Guatemala had a "communist dictatorship.. had established an outpost on this continent to the detriment of all the American nations". The program lasted through 1971. Wisner came directly from central casting as the shady OSS spy from World War II. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided byRefinitiv Lipper. A month earlier word had spread through the agency that the New York Times was embarking on a first-ever investigation of the CIA. Iranians took to the streets against Mohammed Mossadegh. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. If it gets near the coast of Guatemala we'll sink the son-of-a-bitch. ' The real Angleton, the real Frank Wisner, the real Bill Harvey are stories in their own right. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the University of Virginia. Finally Brad (Colonel Albert Haney) rehearsed his speech. Brad finished and the lights went up. It is doubtful that many of the lawmakers who voted for the 1947 Act could have envisioned the scale on which the CIA would engage in operational activities all over the world. A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. He whispered a number of questions: "Who is that? With the help of George Kennan, the Office of Special Projects was created in 1948. Among his overseas assignments, Wisner served as the United States Ambassador to Zambia (197982); Egypt (198691), the Philippines (199192), and India, 199497. Through think-tanks to foundations, directorates to membership of gentlemen's clubs, these mandarins were interlocked by their institutional affiliations and by a shared belief in their own superiority.". Ernesto Guevara attempted to organize some civil militias but senior army officers blocked the distribution of weapons. According to Alex Constantine (Mockingbird: The Subversion Of The Free Press By The CIA), in the 1950s, "some 3,000 salaried and contract CIA employees were eventually engaged in propaganda efforts". [21], In 1962, Wisner retired from the CIA. This secret operation involved recruiting former German officers and diplomats who could be used in the covert war against the Soviet Union. He was assigned as a vice consul at the American Consulate General in Tangier, Morocco. As soon as the war ended Truman ordered the OSS to be closed down leaving a small intelligence organization, the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) in the War Department. About Frank G. Wisner. [1] He was also tapped for the Seven Society. In 1964 he became a rural development officer at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, South Vietnam, for the Agency for International Development. Frank Wisner, the first chief of the CIA's covert-operations unit, provides a top-down view of the early Cold War, while Michael Burke, a jack-of-all-trades charmer, delivers an agent's . Graham himself recruited others who had worked for military intelligence during the war. This machinery was in the CIA but the agency shared control of it with the State Department and the Pentagon. Frank Gardiner Wisner (June 23, 1909 - October 29, 1965) was one of the founding officers of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and played a major role in CIA operations throughout the 1950s. Ernesto Guevara attempted to organize some civil militias but senior army officers blocked the distribution of weapons. While the Guatemalan government valued $2.99 per acre, the American government valued it at $75 per acre. In Hungary the prime minister Imre Nagy removed state control of the mass media and encouraged public discussion on political and economic reform. Wisner remained as Deputy Director of Plans (DDP) until September 1958, playing an important role in the early history of the CIA. [16], On August 23, 1951, Wisner succeeded Allen W. Dulles and became the second Deputy Director of Plans, with Richard Helms as his chief of operations. This included former members of the Nazi Party such as Gustav Hilger and Hans von Bittenfield. Khrushchev became increasingly concerned about these developments and on 4th November 1956 he sent the Red Army into Hungary. Wisner remained concerned about the spread of communism and began lobbying for a new intelligence agency. Frank Gardiner Wisner was one of the founding officers of the Central Intelligence Agency and played a major role in CIA operations throughout the 1950s. Castillo's new government was immediately recognised by President Dwight Eisenhower. Wisner was told to create an organization that concentrated on "propaganda, economic warfare; preventive direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of indigenous anti-Communist elements in threatened countries of the free world". Wisner, one of the early members of the Central Intelligence Agency, helped build, and was the . Wisner's friends believed the illness was triggered by the failure of the Hungarian Uprising. "Incredible". Over lunch in a glass-enclosed restaurant overlooking Central Park, they engage in verbal thrust and parry over the foreign policy issues of the day. The Defense Mobilization Support Planning Activity? Eisenhower shook his head, perhaps thinking of the thousands who had died in France. With the help of Romanian Intelligence, they manage to obtain tons of records, including SD files, 200 rolls of German film and a large amount of Russian information. "They don't seem to be up to anything. As a result Philby was forced to leave the United States. Death 29 Oct 1965 (aged 56) Kent . However, he began to get suspicious in 1951 and he asked William Harvey and James Jesus Angleton to investigate Philby. In late 2002, Wisner co-chaired an independent working group that developed a model for the US's post-conflict role in Iraq, should an invasion occur. In 1976, at the beginning of the Carter administration, he served under Cyrus Vance as Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State. On August 2, 1936, she married Arthur S. Wisner in Sparks, Nev. Mrs. Wisner had been active in the Emanuel. The POWs were returned by a U.S. Air Crew Rescue Unit via the Popeti-Leordeni Airfield. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. On his watch, the CIA overthrew the governments of Iran and Guatemalathe only two such successes in the Agencys history. By the early 1960s he held right-wing opinions. DR: In a sense, The Good Shepherd "[15], During the early 1950s, Wisner was the subject of FBI inquiries in connection with his wartime work in Romania, including the claim that he had an affair with Tanda Caradja, daughter of Romanian princess Catherine Caradja during the war; Caradja was alleged in FBI reports to be a Soviet agent. It was a warm summer night. Wisner began his intelligence career in the Office of Strategic Services in World War II. Wisner added that he felt personally betrayed by this behaviour. Funded with money from the CIA and MI6, the pro-monarchy forces quickly gained the upper hand. Wisner's suicide was "entirely rational, if you can say such a thing," said his niece Jean Lindsey. We drank iced tea as we sat around a garden table in Dulles' back yard. Wisner leaked details of the speech to the New York Times who published it on 2nd June, 1956. This information was passed to Joseph McCarthy who started making attacks on members of the OPC. "The cable was from Des FitzGerald. While in Germany he served under Allen W. Dulles. [12] Wisner is chair of the board of directors of The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington.[13][14]. Wisner's other great success was the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz. Later that year Wisner established Mockingbird, a program to influence the domestic American media. A close friend, Avis Bohlen said he "was so depressed about how the world was going he felt we were losing the Cold War.". Wisner began having trouble with J. Edgar Hoover. His army was outnumbered by the Guatemalan Army. Internationalist, abrasive, competitive, these men had an unshakeable belief in their value system, and in their duty to offer it to others. After World War II, American governments were more willing to use their influence and strength all over the world for the first time and to see an ideological implication in the "persecution" of US business interests. He gained support for this from James Forrestal, the Defense Secretary. It wasnt long before the United States recognized the obvious mistake it had made in shutting down its intelligence capabilities. It was not successful and still suffering from depression, he was released from hospital in 1958. Today, Wisner serves as an international affairs advisor for global legal powerhouse Squire Patton . A large number of these prisoners were tortured or killed. He worked in the Navy's censor's office before managing to get a transfer to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). The Defense Department preferred to save its dirty tricks for times of war. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. In early 2011, the Obama administration asked Wisner to carry views to Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak, including advice that Mubarak should resign to defuse the crisis. These organizations were run by people with well-known right-wing views such as William Paley (CBS), Henry Luce (Time Magazine and Life Magazine), Arthur Hays Sulzberger (New York Times), Alfred Friendly (managing editor of the Washington Post), Jerry O'Leary (Washington Star), Hal Hendrix (Miami News), Barry Bingham Sr., (Louisville Courier-Journal), James Copley (Copley News Services) and Joseph Harrison (Christian Science Monitor). The CIA propaganda campaign included the distribution of 100,000 copies of a pamphlet entitled Chronology of Communism in Guatemala. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Frank Wisner, the father of American covert operations, was both. He also serves on the advisory board of the National Security Network, and on the board of Refugees International. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Frank Wisner . At this time Wisner began plotting the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. The questions from the unknown man next to me were very insistent, furtive. Frank Gardiner Wisner (June 23, 1909 - October 29, 1965) was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945 at the end of World War II, and served as the second Deputy Director of Plans (DDP) in charge of the Directorate of Plans (DDP) of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to September 1958. With the help of resident Anastasio Somoza, Castillo had formed a rebel army in Nicaragua. Frank G. Wisner, an ex-OSS man, was brought in from the State Department to head it, with a cover title of his own invention. The Central Intelligence Agency decided that Arbenz had to be removed from power. The New York Times reported that he was a personal friend of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. In June. Theres a general rule in secret operations: If it has a bland name, its important. The nature of Arbenz's government, however, meant that Operation Success launched both the CIA and the United States on a new path. "What about the Russians? From 1971 to 1973, he was first secretary at the U.S. Embassy in Tunis, Tunisia, and following that, from 1973 to 1974, he was first secretary at the U.S. Embassy in Dacca, Bangladesh. It was later discovered that one commander accepted $60,000 to surrender his troops. In July 19, 1954, he created the National Committee of Defense Against Communism and decreed the Preventive Penal Law Against Communism to fight against those who supported Arbenz when he was in power. "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. It compelled a higher degree of intellectual curiosity, accomplishment, and operational savior faire than did espionage ("espionage" referring specifically to the recruitment of foreign intelligence agents). Market data provided by Factset. They were defiant and proud, but besieged. Work out a new speech for Brad We went to the White House in the morning. He later claimed that Wisner had become obsessed with the Soviet Union: "He was already mobilizing for the cold war. Eisenhower turned to his Chief of the Joint Chiefs. "Frank Wisner, Jr. was a big catch for Enron Corporation. The CIA was feeling particularly embattled that October. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Wisner Sr. died in 1965 by michael gordon. Frank G. Wisner Jr. grew up in the long shadow of his secret agent father. After leaving the OSS Wisner joined the Wall Street law firm, Carter Ledyard. In 1954 Wisner arranged for the funding the Hollywood production of Animal Farm, the animated allegory based on the book written by George Orwell. Brad finished and the lights went up. ", General Ridgeway answered. Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. According to Nina Burleigh (A Very Private Woman) these journalists sometimes wrote articles that were commissioned by Frank Wisner. Powered and implemented byFactSet Digital Solutions. Five thousand refugees volunteered to be part of a post-nuclear guerrilla force, which was just what it sounds likeFallout: New Stalingrad. I was vaguely uncomfortable. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. Wisner was also able to restrict newspapers from reporting about certain events. According to Nina Burleigh (A Very Private Woman) these journalists sometimes wrote articles that were commissioned by Frank Wisner. He was first stationed in Cairo where he spent an uneventful year. [11] On September 1, 1948, the office was formally established, although it was renamed to the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) for obfuscation purposes. Required fields are marked *. The lights were turned off while Brad used slides during his report. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. In August, 1952, the Office of Policy Coordination and the Office of Special Operations (the espionage division) were merged to form the Directorate of Plans (DPP). [2] An event carried out Events Participated in References Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA, Penguin, 2007, pp.36-38. The most active element of this special staff came from the CIA's clandestine Air Division which at that time was under the control of Dick Helms. Frank Wisner was brilliant, tortured, and a founder of American intelligence. The military now joined the opposition and Mossadegh was arrested on August 19, 1953. Hulda Wisner (Hermann) 74, of Lodi, died Thursday morning in a local hospital after a short illness. To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info and Locationeven a guess will help. In March 1945, Wisner was transferred to Wiesbaden, Germany. "Instead of a dirge, it was exuberant, powerful, exultant," recalled Tom Braden. Faked photographs were distributed that claimed to show the mutilated bodies of opponents of Arbenz. . Death Frank Wisner reportedly committed suicide with one of his son's shotguns on October 29, 1965. The DPP now accounted for three quarters of the CIA budget and 60% of its personnel. Your email address will not be published. Frank Wisner married Antonie Chalupsky, daughter of Frantisek Chalupsky and Katerine Chudly about 1881 and they . According to Deborah Davis (Katharine the Great): "By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of the New York Times, Newsweek, CBS and other communications vehicles.". Any reaction? Wisner's death saddened but did not shock his colleagues. This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. Wisner leaked details of the speech to the New York Times who published it on 2nd June, 1956. His lineage is impeccable, since his father, Frank Wisner Sr., was a senior CIA official (from 1947 until his suicide in 1965) who was involved in the overthrow of Arbenz of Guatemala (1954) and Mossadeq of Iran (1953). Wisner found one of his boys' shotguns and killed himself on October 29, 1965. Over the next few weeks thousands were arrested on suspicion of communist activity. Hoover also passed to McCarthy details of an affair that Wisner had with Princess Caradja in Romania during the war. The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. FrankWisner18791963Frank Wisnerin U.S. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) Frank Wisnerwas born on September 14 1879. ", General Ridgeway answered. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. With so many talented officers working in covert action, and with most of the foreigners involved being friendly collaborators and not "recruited" assets, the do could scarcely base promotions on the number of recruitments a case officer made each year. [vague][15] Wisner was unsuccessful in convincing Mubarak to do so. He had upset the US government by nationalizing Iran's oil industry. Wisner Junior was well-known in the CIA and he worked as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy and Under Secretary of . Mossadegh also abolished Iran's feudal agriculture sector and replaced with a system of collective farming and government land ownership. It also highlights the structure and personalities of U.S. decision-making during that late spring of 1994 when hundreds of thousands were killed as the U.S. and other nations stood by. ANCExplorer Frank Wisner grave.jpg. However, Barnes convinced him that it was vital important that the Soviets did not establish a "beachhead in Central America". At this time Wisner began plotting the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. During his absence Wisner's job was covered by his chief of operations, Richard Helms. Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. As a result the resolution was defeated by 5 votes to 4. Phillips, along with E. Howard Hunt, was responsible for running the CIA's Voice of Liberation radio station. This included the claim that Guatemala was the beginning of "Soviet expansion in the Americas". The agency hired Bissell to reflect the new CIA. The UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was so upset by the actions of the USA that he considered resigning from his post. : the individuals concerned have for . "What about the Russians? While the Guatemalan government valued $2.99 per acre, the American government valued it at $75 per acre. Wisner, 72, was U.S. ambassador to Egypt from 1986 to 1991 and developed a close relationship with Mubarak in that time, according to Hazard and news reports. The military now joined the opposition and Mossadegh was arrested on August 19, 1953. The man who sits at the head of the table is Frank G. Wisner, a bald, barrel-chested, martini-drinking (he gave up cigars, friends say) 72-year-old retired ambassador and businessman. Wisner was a genteel lawyer from Mississippi who grew bored with office life and joined the Navy. Members of what was later called the Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Katharine Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, Lorraine Cooper, Evangeline Bruce, Avis Bohlen, Janet Barnes, Tish Alsop, Cynthia Helms, Marietta FitzGerald, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the University of Virginia. 2022 FOX News Network, LLC. Frank Wisner took over direct command of the everyday operations of the Indonesian project. They plan for apocalyptic scenarios and continuity of government. Wisner, who reside on the George Wedge farm east of town. Kermit Roosevelt, the grandson of Theodore Roosevelt, was put in charge of what became known as Operation Ajax. He orchestrated a massive spy ring, many of whose members were tasked with parachuting into Soviet territory and gathering intelligence. Wisners office would be attached to the CIA only on paper, and strictly for funding and quarters. This included the claim that Guatemala was the beginning of "Soviet expansion in the Americas". (The CIA posted guards to keep the KGB from seeing who was there.). After the West German counterintelligence chief, Otto John, defected to the Soviet Union in 1954, Wisner fed Alsop a story that the West German spymaster had been kidnapped by the KGB. On August 29, 1944, Lt. Comdr. A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. The CIA was also busy bribing Arbenz's military commanders. Wisner's other great success was the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz. He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. Arbenz now believed he stood little chance of preventing Castillo gaining power. On October 28, before he drove out to his farm on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, she called the caretaker and asked him to remove the guns from the house. Members are only revealed after their death - a wreath of black magnolias shaped like '7' is laid at the gravesite. This was the elite which ran American foreign policy and shaped legislation at home. Frank G. Wisner, an ex-OSS man, was brought in from the State Department to head it, with a cover title of his own invention. [11] He went on to become a member of the board for EOG Resources. When this failed he put pressure on Security Council members to vote against the resolution. Any reaction? "Thanks Allen, and thanks to all of you. Even with my curious nature, I myself was unaware, except in the vaguest terms, what political action projects were going forward and how (Frank Wisner was spending Marshall Plan counterpart funds.) Legal Statement. Wisner became head of this new organization and Richard Helms became his chief of operations. CIA's Voice of Liberation also put out similar radio broadcasts. During this period Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) liaison in Washington. Eisenhower spoke to his Chief of Naval Operations "Watch that sub. "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. Wisner added that he felt personally betrayed by this behaviour. Samuel Zemurray, United Fruit Company's largest shareholder, with the help of Tommy Corcoran, organized an anti-Arbenz campaign in the American media. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. In this position, he was instrumental in supporting pro-American forces that toppled Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran in 1953[citation needed] and Jacobo Arbenz Guzmn in Guatemala in 1954. His army was outnumbered by the Guatemalan Army. Frank Wisner, the father of American covert operations, was both. Wisner grew very fond of Philby and was unaware that he was a Soviet spy betraying all his operations to his masters in Moscow. On April 4, 1953, Wisner persuaded Allen W. Dulles to approve $1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mossadegh." Wisner, as head of the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), took overall responsibility for the operation. Frank Gardiner Wisner (June 23, 1909 - October 29, 1965) was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945 at the end of World War II, and served as the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans in charge of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to January 1, 1959. Castillo now reversed the Arbenz reforms. Instead, President Obama turned to Frank Wisner, Jr., who has had a 36-year career in the State Department. This included former members of the Nazi Party such as Gustav Hilger and Hans von Bittenfield. Wisner also met Arthur Schlesinger, an OSS sergeant serving in Germany. But the navy is watching a Soviet sub in the area; it could be there to evacuate some of Arbenz's friends, or to supply arms to any resisters.". Wisner recruited Philip Graham (Washington Post) to run the project within the industry. Wisner recruited Philip Graham (Washington Post) to run the project within the industry.

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