Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a physician, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. Famous Amos Style Mini Chocolate Chip Cookies - Jaja Bakes By one account, the 16th-century Aztec ruler Moctezuma II drank 50 cups of chocolate a day out of a golden goblet to increase his libido. Earliest evidence of domestication of the cacao plant dates to the Olmec culture from the Preclassic period. The use and domestication ofTheobroma cacaoduring the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon. All rights reserved. Roughly two-thirds of the world's cocoa is produced in Western Africa, with Ivory Coast being the largest source, producing a total crop of 1,448,992 Tonnes. Through their interactions with the shaman, the archaeologists became familiar with the pre-Columbian language of the indigenous Popoluca. Stow in your desk at work, lunchbox at school, in your cupboard at home, and in your tote when youre on the move. Despite his inability to call himself such, Amos will always be famous. Powis, Terry G. et al. Famous Amos: The Rise and Fall of a Cookie Empire Wally Amos parlayed his aunt's chocolate chip cookie recipe into a gourmet snack food juggernaut. From about 1500 to 400 BC, their culture flourished in the humid lowlands of the southern part of present-day Veracruz, along the Gulf of Mexico. The late Michael Coe, who passed away in 2019, was Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Yale University and a well-known archaeologist and epigrapher who worked in . Inspired by a family recipe,the founder Wally Amos perfected the ultimate chocolate chip cookie. Philippine Coconut and White Chocolate Chip - This . 10 Interesting Chocolate Facts: History of Chocolate | National Tate's has become a popular cookie brand in the last few years, thanks to their gluten-free line. They discovered fifteen vessels surrounding male skeletons in the royal tomb. The Famous Amos Story - In 1975, inspired by a family recipe, Wally Amos perfected the ultimate chocolate chip cookie. Jos de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, described its use more generally: Loathsome to such as are not acquainted with it, having a scum or froth that is very unpleasant taste. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The Mediterraneans unique climate and terrain boast theperfect environment for growing the most flavorful and aromatic hazelnuts in the world. Cookies are light in color when done. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, chocolate was imported to Europe. Whatever the case may be, fans of the cookies are sure to be disappointed by their sudden disappearance. It was still served as a beverage, but the addition of sugar or honey counteracted the natural bitterness. This was just the beginning of the Famous Amos story. According to Coe and Coe, The laboratory results have been spectacular: chocolate has an antiquity that stretches 38 centuries back into the past, to predate even the San Lorenzo Olmecs (1996: 36). Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. Baked with care and made with delicious ingredients like real semi-sweet chocolate, these diminutive cookies are ideal for sweet dessert snacking any time of the day. I thought these were tiny packages, so I got multiples. In this website you will find mouthwatering, quick and easy recipes for any skill level. , Manufacturer [16] Some Aztec sacrifice victims who did not wish to join in ritual dancing before their death were usually given a gourd of chocolate to cheer them up. Fittingly, the scientific nomenclature for the tropical cacao tree is Theobroma cacao, named in 1753 by the Swedish naturalist Linnaeus. Famous Amos is celebrating National Chocolate Chip Cookie Day with three new bags of cookies for the summer. Yes they are. WATCH: Season 1 of The Food That Built America without signing in now. The Dresden Codex specifies that it is the food of the rain deity Chaac, and the Madrid Codex says that gods shed their blood on the cacao pods as part of its production. He had a strong instinct for telling a good story and making people feel good, according to his son, Shawn. Famous Amos Belgian Chocolate Chip Cookies - 7oz : Target 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He used only the best ingredients to make his bite-size cookies.This delicious homemade signature helped them gain fame just by word of mouth.From there, the Famous Amos story becomes a Hollywood success . Famous Amos will introduce new flavors Toffee Chocolate Chip and Oatmeal Chocolate Chip, as well as regular Amos varieties Walnuts. In the 1870s, Swiss chocolatier Daniel Peter utilized powdered milk developed several years earlier by his neighbor Henri Nestl to produce the first milk chocolate bar, and the pair eventually formed the Nestl Company. In the late 1960s, Yale University led archaeological excavations of the Olmec site of San Lorenzo Tenochtitln in the state of present-day Veracruz, Mexico. Barra pottery included fancy gourd vessels used for competitive social display and possibly linked to feasting. Iconic musicians and other Hollywood celebrities began singing the praises of delicious tiny cookies from the small bakery on Sunset. There was a lot of rich, tasty food on the plate, but their simple flavor palate was nostalgic. Amos Cookies are small chunks of chocolate and pecans in a 12.4-ounce can. According to Coe and Coe, cacao originally pronounced kakawa, was a term used by the ancient Olmec as early as 1000 BCE. Baked with care and made with delicious ingredients like real semi-sweet chocolate and pecans, these diminutive cookies are ideal for sweet dessert snacking any time of the day. Linnaeus was reputedly fond of chocolate, and also would have likely been aware of early Spanish writings describing the Maya and Aztec belief that cacao was a gift from the gods. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/expeditions/get-inspired/inside-look/10-interesting-chocolate-facts-history-of-chocolate.html. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than that shown on our Web site. Richard Diehls colorful description of the life of the ancient Olmec demonstrates the power of archaeology to interpret and vividly the reconstruct worlds of the past: Gardens were planted with vegetables, pot herbs, and medicinal plantsDense stands of trees surrounding the buildings provided shade as well as avocados, palm nuts, cacao (chocolate) seeds, and many other fruits and nutsIf we were magically transported back to an Olmec village, we would doubtless see many vignettes of daily life that escape the truncated vision of archaeology (Diehl 2004: 83). In recent years, the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University, which are both HRAF members, have featured the Mesoamerican origins of chocolate in popular exhibits. 2023 The Ferrero Group. It makes a nice large batch! New Famous Amos Cookie Recipes. It was believed to be an aphrodisiac and to give the drinker strength. Wally Amos - Famous Amos, Family & Age - Biography [7], A study, published online in Nature Ecology and Evolution, suggests that cacaothe plant from which chocolate is madewas domesticated, or grown by people for food, around 1,500 years earlier than previously thought. Famous Amos will introduce new flavors Toffee Chocolate Chip and Oatmeal Chocolate Chip, as well as regular Amos varieties Walnuts. [23] At first chocolate was largely a privilege of the rich while the lower class drank coffee, but once the steam engine was invented in the late 1700s, mass production became possible. Furthermore, his store provided a safe haven for Hollywood hopefuls in a rough section of Sunset Blvd. These packages marked the end of Wally Amos's cover appearances, and featured a number of small cookies pictured instead, with a blue ribbon reading "chocolate chip". Fiber One Soft-Baked Chocolate Chunk Cookies Per 1 cookie: 120 calories, 4.5 g fat (2.5 g saturated fat), 120 mg sodium, 22 g carbs (5 g fiber, 10 g sugar), <1 g protein Although the idea of soft, chewy cookies reminds us of home, don't wallow in the nostalgia. It was consumed for a variety of purposes, as an aphrodisiac or as a treat for men after banquets, and it was also included in the rations of Aztec soldiers. We fell in love with its distinctive toasty notes. Tula: The Toltec Capital of Ancient Mexico.New Aspects of Antiquity (London, England, Thames and Hudson, 1983, https://ehrafarchaeology.yale.edu/document?id=nu93-002. Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to at least 1900 BC to 1500 BC. Stir in chocolate chips with a spatula. As the creation myth goes, after people were created from maize, they received precious foods including cacao . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x, 755 Prospect Street [citation needed] While investors trading in cocoa can dump shares at will, individual cocoa farmers cannot ramp up production and abandon trees at anywhere near that pace. That brings us to today, and we hope you enjoy our new Famous Amos Wonders from the World. ago. Produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees native to the rainforests of Central and South America, chocolate was long considered the food of the gods, and later, a delicacy for the elite. Coe believes this to have been a revolutionary act done by the San Lorenzo people themselves (Bernal 1969: 45). All Rights Reserved. He eventually lost his home. According to Coe and Coe: With radiocarbon dates lying between 1880 and 1400 BC, Barra is not only precious, but also pre-Olmec. Chocolate is life: According to ancient Maya beliefs, cacao predates human history. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Sold @walmart @walgreens @jewel/osco $2.99 and up. Reviewed in the United States on August 28, 2021, Reviewed in the United States on July 25, 2020. Rival chocolatier Cadburys, credited with pioneering the Valentines Day chocolate box and chocolate Easter egg, followed suit soon after and in 1854 earned a royal warrant as purveyors of chocolate to Queen Victoria. Ferrero will buy Kellogg's Keebler cookies, Famous Amos, Mother's, Murray's, Girl Scout cookies and fruit snacks brands for $1.3 billion. The man who created the Famous Amos cookie empire three decades ago and eventually lost ownership of the. A rabbit, for example, was worth ten cacao beans, (called almonds by the early sixteenth-century chronicler Francisco Oviedo y Valds), a slave about a hundred, and the services of a prostitute, eight to ten according to how they agree. , ASIN According to Coe and Coe, It was probably the Olmec who first made chocolate from cacao (1996: 35). In The True Story of Chocolate, they argue that cacao in the form of a chocolate beverage originated with the Olmec. They also reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest center of cacao domestication yet identified (Zarillo et al. This delicioushomemade signaturehelped them gain fame just by word of mouth. Here is more information: Cornell University, R. Mann Library So we sailed the sea and toured the hilly farms all along the way, sampling the delicious delicacy right off the tree. The vessel used to serve this chocolate liquid was stubbier by nature to help make the liquid frothier. The famous Amos chocolate chip cookie has been reborn after a three-decade absence thanks to its new owner, the Keebler Company. Amos Famous Amos cookies first appeared in 1977. The Famous Amos story began in 1975 at a bakery on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California. When the trees were grown on a plantation, however, they grew to around 20 feet tall. Chocolate, both ancient and modern, is made from dried and ground cacao beans. Iconic musicians and other Hollywood celebrities began singing the praises of the delicious tiny cookies from the small bakery on Sunset. 12. To slake their growing thirst for chocolate, European powers established colonial plantations in equatorial regions around the world to grow cacao and sugar. Ingredients ENRICHED FLOUR (WHEAT 7ZJ FLOUR, NIACIN, REDUCED IRON, VITAMIN B1 [THIAMIN MONONITRATE]. Hersheys Chocolate Geek, Youngstown State University Magazine, Fall 2015. https://newsroom.ysu.edu/hersheys-chocolate-geek-making-a-career-in-the-sweet-sciences/, Zarrillo, S., Gaikwad, N., Lanaud, C.et al. Today Belizes cacao farmers, mostly in the countrys southern Toledo District, cultivate the native Criollo plant, which is considered to be the highest quality cacao bean native to Central America. What is going on with famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies? They - Quora The Coes separate fact from fiction and dispel popular myths about chocolate. The wonderful combination of toffee and caramel bits, popular in European bakeries, gives the sweet and salty inspiration for our newest cookie. It was comforting in every way. Amos Cookies are small chunks of chocolate and pecans in a 12.4-ounce can. Finally, we stopped in Britain to select a wonderful combination of toffee and caramel bits to make our cookies even more delicious with the sweet and salty combination often found in European bakeries. The Mesoamerican origins of chocolate featuring eHRAF Archaeology Why the Candy Bar Market Exploded After WWI, How Hershey's Chocolate Helped Power Allied Troops in WWII, When the Irish Invaded Canada: The Incredible True Story of the Civil War Veterans Who Fought for Irelands Freedom, Strong Boy: The Life and Times of John L. Sullivan. Line cookie sheets with parchment paper or silpat baking mats. Many writers of popular works on chocolate indulge in fantasy when treating cacaos New World origins, according to Coe and Coe, but the facts as revealed by modern archaeology and ethnohistory are far more interesting than these flights of imagination (Coe and Coe 1996: 33). The cacao bean became a form of currency. In addition to DQ, the following chocolate brands (and many others, I'm sure) -- for all practical purposes -- no longer exist in America: Oreo Cookies; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies; Chips Ahoy Cookies; Kit Kat Bar; Hershey Bar; Milky Way; Hershey Kisses; M & M's; Reese's Cup (both the chocolate & the peanut butter are barely detectable . It was purchased by the Kellogg Company in 2001, when it was previously owned by Keebler. Cadbury was manufacturing boxed chocolates in England by 1868. Image - Famous Amos. As we searched the world for the finest ingredients, our team went to the birthplace of the first salted caramel chocolate truffle, the United Kingdom, and brought its indulgent caramel bits to our famous cookies British Salted Caramel and Chocolate Chip. The desire for chocolate created a thriving slave market, as between the early 17th and late 19th centuries the laborious and slow processing of the cacao bean was manual. Therefore, chocolate could be purchased by the middle class. As a prehistoric culture, the Olmec left no written records for modern day scholars to decode. Unlike its modern form, ancient Mesoamerican chocolate was neither sweet nor solid. According to Jesse Szewczyk, the concept of zero-preservative, handcrafted cookies was unknown. There was no way we could leave without crafting a cookie to feature this premium ingredient. With an irresistible homemade taste and a fun bite-size shape, Famous Amos Bite Size Chocolate Chip Cookies are made to enjoy by the handful. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. New Famous Amos Coconut Cookies, photo provided by Famous Amos. Try Philippine Coconut and White Chocolate Chip and envision sitting under a breezy coconut tree on the island. In the more distant reaches of the empire, in the tropical lowlands, cotton and cacao (chocolate) were cultivated along with most of the food crops already mentioned. The researchers used three lines of evidence to show that the Mayo-Chinchipe culture used cacao between 5,300 and 2,100 years ago: the presence of starch grains specific to the cacao tree inside ceramic vessels and broken pieces of pottery; residues of theobromine, a bitter alkaloid found in the cacao tree but not its wild relatives; and fragments of ancient DNA with sequences unique to the cacao tree. Legal. Almost as good as homemade. The Famous Amos Cookie Company demonstrates that success can be achieved if someone puts in the effort, and that hard work and dedication are required for success. Little evidence remains of how the beverage was processed. [3] Unlike the Maya of Yucatn, the Aztecs drank chocolate cold. The cookies come in plastic packaging. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996. (-) Information is not currently available for this nutrient. Painted Metaphors: Pottery and Politics of the Ancient Maya. #14 Pepperidge Farm Montauk Milk Chocolate Dan Myers Cream together white sugar, brown sugar, butter, oil, egg, milk, and vanilla until thoroughly combined. According to Diehl, Linguists Lyle Campbell and Terrence Kaufman believe the Olmecs spoke proto-Mixe-Zoquean languages related to modern Popoluca dialects still heard in the region today (Diehl 2004: 13). An article for Antiquity titled Oldest chocolate in the New World, co-authored by Coe and Hurst, describes evidence of cacao use by the earliest Mesoamerican groups in Mexico such as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast and the Mokaya of the Pacific Coast: The Mokaya archaeological site of Paso de la Amada on the Pacific Coast of Chiapas, Mexico, and the Olmec archaeological site of El Manat on the Gulf Coast of Veracruz, Mexico have each yielded one ceramic vessel that contain residues from the preparation of cacao beverages during the Early Formative (1900-900 BC) period. There's Belgian Chocolate (a chocolate chip analog), Mediterranean Hazelnut (for chocolate chip with nuts), and Philippine Coconut (chocolate cookie with coconut and white chocolate chips). Amount is based on available nutrient data. 3. The film received a slew of star treatment. You walked into the cookie store and saw a star on the door to the kitchen, which served as the dressing room for The Cookie. Famous Amos flagship store became a stop on Hollywoods crowded strip as a result of a cookie from the store becoming a status symbol. Amos was one of the first African American agents at the agency and helped to change the way black people were represented in the entertainment industry. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. Somewhere during our travels, we were inspired to create a cookie that would beckon these adventurous culinary experiences in a bite. Much of the transatlantic export of cacao from Mesoamerica to Spain started in the heart of the Aztec Empire, in what is today Mexico City. Berdan, Frances. Refrigerate the dough for at least 2 hours and up to 3 days. It was given to soldiers, so they would need less food. The skin can also vary greatly - some are sculpted with craters or warts, while others are completely smooth. But for most of its history, it was actually consumed as a bitter beverage rather than the sweet, edible treat it has become worldwide. : Chocolates popularity eventually spread to other European courts, where aristocrats consumed it as a magic elixir with health benefits. All picks and predictions are suggestions only. Belgium is a renowned country for making some of the best chocolates in the world. In their book, The True Story of Chocolate, husband and wife co-authors Sophie Coe and Michael Coe make claim to the idea that chocolate which originated in ancient Mesoamerica is far older than had originally been thought. With the new Famous Amos cookies, the three recipes take ingredients from around the globe and blend them with the classic cookie that people love. Came here looking for answers because the new "enhanced" ingredient Belgian cookies are NOT good. The cookies were majorly sold in Hawaii in small 6-ounce packs. : Wally Amos entrepreneur, motivational speaker, and author founded the Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Company in 1975 selling bite-sized homemade chocolate chip cookies. Enriched flour (wheat flour, niacin, reduced iron, vitamin B1 [thiamin mononitrate], vitamin B2 [riboflavin], folic acid), sugar, semisweet chocolate chips (chocolate, sugar, dextrose, soy lecithin, natural flavor), vegetable oil (soybean and palm oil with TBHQ for freshness), pecans.Contains 2% or less of coconut, molasses, salt, eggs, baking soda, natural and artificial flavors, whey protein concentrate. The Rise And Disappearance Of Taffi Dollar: From Televangelist To Mystery. When the archaeologists took this powder to the Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition to be tested[citation needed], they found trace amounts of theobromine in the powder, a major indicator of cacao. Within the sheath are 30 to 40 brownish-red almond-shaped beans embedded in a sweet viscous pulp. Allfourof our Famous Amos Cookies come in a7oz resealable package. In a separate medium bowl, combine the flour, baking soda, and salt. The bags and boxes will be brighter and more dynamic than before. Rival chocolatier Cadbury's, credited . What Happened To The Cookie Kahuna After Shark Tank? With an irresistible homemade taste and fun bite-size shape, Famous Amos Bite Size Chocolate Chip & Pecans Cookies are made to enjoy by the handful. Mankinds love affair with chocolate stretches back more than five millennia. Based on linguistic evidence, the authors suggest that the Olmec might have been the first to domesticate the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao L., and to discover the process of making chocolate. The word "chocolate" comes from the Classical Nahuatl word xocoltl, of uncertain etymology, and entered the English language via the Spanish language. Amos Cookies achieved rapid success during its first year, selling $300,000 worth of cookies and earning $12 million in revenue. The results were a crunchier, tastier cookie in an array of exciting new flavors. No company has been able to recreate the buttery flavor and chock-full of pecans these chocolate chip cookies presented under the original Famous Amos. In 1828, the invention of the chocolate press revolutionized chocolate . [38] Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon are other West African countries among the top 5 cocoa-producing countries in the world. It might be nice to see some South American or even African flavors added to the mix. Chocolate arrived in Europe during the 1500s, likely brought by both Spanish friars and conquistadors who had traveled to the Americas. Linguists have attempted to decode Olmec script by tracing back to the ancestral form of the Mixe-Zoquean family of languages, which are still spoken by modern-day indigenous people such as the Popoluca, who live in the same regions once inhabited by the ancient Olmec: While archaeologists were delving into Olmec sites, art historians and anthropologists turned their attention to Olmec art and iconography Michael D. Coe and his students, especially Peter D. Joralemon and Karl Taube, have led the way in deciphering Olmec religion as reflected in the art, as major figures in what has been called the Yale School of Olmec Iconography (Diehl 2004:18). Although these aren't gluten-free, they do have pretty simple ingredients: unbleached flour, butter, cane sugar, brown cane sugar, eggs, baking soda, salt, and vanilla extract. A Tasty Treat Through The Generations: Enjoying Homemade Taffy, How To Make Salt Water Taffy Without A Candy Thermometer, Uncovering The Mystery Behind The Tommy Taffy Story: Exploring The Urban Legend, Enjoy The Delicious Taste Of Classic Treats: Why 711 Has Taffy Apples. Amos Cookies new packaging features graphics inspired by the locations where their ingredients are sourced, and each 7-ounce bag costs $4.49. The price can vary from between 500 ($945) and 3,000 ($5,672) per ton in the space of just a few years. The Mexica believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency. In the 1990s, the TCGA became the worlds first cacao cooperative to become Fair Trade Certified. The history of chocolate began in Mesoamerica. Back in 1974, the burger chain introduced McDonaldland Cookies, a package . As part of its plan to sell the Famous Amos brand and its fruit snacks business, the current owner, The Kellogg Company, announced in April 2019 that it would sell it to Ferrero for about 1.4 billion euros. So we set out to find theingredients from the most renowned places in the worldand bring thebite-size cookiesback to once again being Famous. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Additionally, we simplified the old recipe to use fewer and finer ingredients, like natural vanilla extract. One of the recurring themes in the eHRAF literature is the idea that the food of the gods occupied a lofty place on earth as an elite luxury. In 1847, British chocolate company J.S. We will also look at sources in eHRAF Archaeology for further research on the topic of the Mesoamerican origins of chocolate. Cacao pods grow in a wide range of colors, from pale yellow to bright green, all the way to dark purple or crimson. Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies - Allrecipes Customers did not like the new recipe and thought the cookies were too dry. Famous Amos - Wikipedia Stow in your desk at work, lunchbox . Not Enough Cookies in the BOX for the Price!!! They later came to be produced by Hersheysand one of the top-selling candies in the United States. I got this recipe for Famous Amos cookies from a co-worker some years ago. New episodes premiere Sundays at 9/8c on HISTORY. Cacao trees bear fruit that resemble footballs, with each pod weighing about a pound and containing around 40 seeds, aka cacao beans, enveloped in sweet white pulp. 30 Most Popular Chocolate Chip Cookie Brands Ranked! - Eat This Not [8], Pueblo people, who lived in an area now the U.S. Southwest, imported cacao from Mesoamerican cultures in southern Mexico between 900 and 1400. Kellogg sells Keebler and Famous Amos for $1.3 billion - CNN Famous Amos Introduces 3 New Chocolate Chip Cookies The most interesting flavor is the Philippine Coconut and White Chocolate Chips. Cookie Kahuna - Famous Amos (2023) - Shark Tank Success As a result of selling the company, he says he did not realize he had sold his future and the company. As a result of this change in recipe, the cookies popularity may have declined. All Rights Reserved. Famous Amos Copycat Chocolate Chip Cookie - Crazy for Crust In response to his own words, the face that launched a thousand chips, he created a brand that was instantly recognizable. Originally consumed as a bitter drink, it was prized as both an aphrodisiac and an energy booster. Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies Bite Size 12.4 oz : Inspired by a delectable family recipe, founder Wally Amos perfected the ultimate chocolate chip cookie. These excavations were led by Professor Coe and assisted by Richard Diel, who was then a doctoral candidate at Pennsylvania State University. The Mokaya were among the earliest sedentary villagers of Mesoamerica. "[18] But while Columbus took cacao beans with him back to Spain,[18] it made no impact until Spanish friars introduced chocolate to the Spanish court.[3]. Chocolate is life: According to ancient Maya beliefs, cacao predates human history. Cream butter, shortening, and sugars together in an electric mixer fitted with a paddle attachment. Inspired by a family recipe, the founder Wally Amos perfected the ultimate chocolate chip cookie. All are available on the brand's website. In the United States, Milton Hershey pioneered the assembly-line production of milk chocolate.
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